Brad Keeton wrote:Chris M wrote: When Wal-Mart was in rapid expansion mode, they had an early adverse effect on the downtowns of many small communities, but most of them have bounced back with businesses that do not compete with the local Wal-mart (formal clothiers, appliance centers, restaurants etc.). Economies adjusted and often thrived.
While I agree with much of what you say in your post, from personal experience what you say here isn't always the case.
I grew up in Ashland, on the Ohio and WV borders. From the turn of the century through about the late 80s to early 90s, Ashland had a rather booming, exciting downtown. Pictures from the 40s and 50s show well dressed folks strolling downtown, doing their shopping, in scenes that look rather New Yorkish. I remember shopping downtown with my parents as a child in the 80s, and it being a bustling scene.
Sometime around 1990, Walmart came to town, and along with it the mall, with Walmart as the anchor. So, unfortunatley, not only did businesses downtown that competed with Walmart go by the wayside, just about ALL other stores did as well, as there was something at the mall that was a competitor.
So, those communities in which a free-standing WalMart came to town may not have suffered as much, and were able to bounce back more easily compared to those where a WalMart was used to anchor a large mall. Ashland's downtown has never recovered. Things have improved
slightly, but it's still largely a ghost town.
Now, other factors have contibuted, such as Ashland Oil moving large numbers of its employees out of town, Armco and then AK Steel slowing operations, and Kentucky Power moving most of its people to Columbus and other places. However, the Walmart-anchored-to-the-mall was a big part of Ashland's downtown decay, and recovery simply hasn't happened.
I think the problem in Ashland is more the mall (and the other factors you mentioned) than the Wal-Mart. Those complementary businesses rightly opened in the mall as opposed to the downtown area. I'm betting a whole slew of businesses opened up all around the Wal-mart given the ready access to space. "Downtown" moved. Beckley, WVa had a similar circumstance when a mall opened outside of town. Wal-mart later opened by the mall (then Lowe's, then Home Depot) and retail all shifted. Their downtown eventually recovered, but it took decades to do so and ended up more as professional and entertainment space (Doctor's, restaurants etc.) than retail.
Most rural Wal-marts were/are free standing. Sure, you might have a couple of fast food places out front (which wouldn't open in a downtown area anyway) but that's about it. The complementary businesses opened in the vacant downtown space, which was typically available and cheap.
The mall is as much to blame for what happened in Ashland and Beckley as Wal-mart is. Malls have killed many a small downtown. They just aren't as plentiful as Wal-marts, and therefore not the evil scourage that many make Wal-mart out to be.
Personally, I think downtowns are over-rated. Nostalgia for the sake of nostalgia. Downtowns were the center of commerce and retail. Nothing more. So what if they move? Do people conversing with their neighbors in the isles of Wal-Mart have any less connection than those talking on a downtown sidewalk? Is buying everything you need at one place better or worse than walking from store to store? Contrary to popular myth, most small town downtowns were filled with now bankrupt chains. Woolworths, Sears, Montgomery Ward, Hecks, and the like were the center of commerce. Now it's Wal-mart.
Downtowns are just a shrine to the very commerce and businesses that the anti-capitalist crowd in the next breath tears down. "We hate business, but we love the old places where business used to be!" "We miss Woolworth's but we hate Wal-Mart!"
The truth is, they typically don't really hate business or capitalism (they, in fact, practice both), they hate change. Wal-Mart brought change. Change is bad. Wal-mart was new. New is bad.
Old is good.
Or maybe old is just old.